Propmore Corporation Case

11/30/2012 â€Å"Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results. †Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Andrew Carnegie Healthcare team and professionalism Teamwork is a small group of people, who are contribute their complementary skills, interests, and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the group, in order to achieve common goals and mutual responsibilities.Teamwork is a collection of actions by individuals, who use their knowledge and skills to meet the needs of client/patient more completely, efficiently and competently than would be possible by one individual's action. Teamwork is not limited to working together, but it collectively means to achieve whatever is planned, by helping each other. Everyone involved must work together for a common goal – helping the patient/client. Effective healthcare requires teamwork.A health care system that supports effective teamwork can improve the quality of patient care, enhance patient safety, and reduce workload issues that cause burnout among healthcare professionals. Team work most effective E. It is essential to be professional if you want to be successful. But what does â€Å"being professional† actually mean? Merriam-Webster dictionary defines professionalism as â€Å"the conduct, aims or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person†, and it defines a profession as â€Å"a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive preparation†.These definitions imply that that professionalism include a number of different attributes, which together define a professional. First and foremost professionals are known for their specialized knowledge. They have made a personal commitment to their profession and to developing, improving and keeping up to date with latest research in the area of practice. A nother quality of professionalism – caring, respect and concern for people and their values.Because a dietetic practice involves customer service, an understanding of individual differences is important for effective practice. Furthermore, professionals are must strictly follow to the ethical standards of professional practice. The Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance are guide and tools for dietetic professionals and provide them with a plan for evaluating, implementing and adjusting work performance in different areas of practice.

Plannng an expedition to an extreme environment

The place that our expedition is going to take is in the region of Norway called Svalbard. To get there we have to take a boat from Norway port and bring our equipments ready for the cold environment. The average temperature is around 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and -12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C in winter. Equipments I need to bring on the expedition are: A parka is essential in cold weather. It insulates the heat even at a -47 degree Celsius. It is waterproof so the melted snow couldn't get in to your body. Insulator trousers are used to keep our legs warm. It is water proof with fleece lining to keep the heat in because the temperature is really low there. Fleece jumper is essential in this harsh weather condition. It keeps our body temperature in which is great. A woolly jumper is also good to keep heat in. I use this jumper as a spare in case the fleece gets dirty. A long sleeve shirt is to be worn before the jumper to keep me extra warm. Tracksuit bottoms with fleece lining are ideal to put on first before the thermal trousers. It will keep me extra warm. These are essential accessories for parts of our body like hands, neck and head. This faux fur hat keeps most of my body temperature in because the heat is loss through our head. Earmuffs are good to keep my ears warm; scarf is great to prevent coldness to enter my body. Waterproof gloves are used to keep my hands warm and prevent melted ice to get through the material. Thermal socks are there to keep my feet warm and these water proof boots are useful to walk through snow and uneven land. They have thick rubber soles to prevent slipping and provide good friction. Map and compasses are the must have. They will help me to find my way back if I get lost. Water is good because it stop me from being dehydrated. Dry food is ideal in this weather as it is easy to cook and quick. Swiss knives are useful because you never know when you need it. I will need it to open a can or defend myself when I get attacked by a bear. Task 2: Glacier retreat project A: Find maps and photographs of Glaciers on Spitsbergen 1: Label the features you can see 2: How did glacier form and move? 1. Snow is collected over millions of years. The snow flake compressed and fused together, squeezing air and moistures out to create one solid ice block. With the pressure of more snow the firn will eventually over years become glacier ice. 2. Glacier is like a mighty river of ice. It is capable of doing what a river can do such as flow and change in flow rate. In ice, the flow rate is faster in the centre than at the edges and quicker on the surface than at the bottom because the gravity pulls the weigh there greater. That is why some glacier surge forwards than the other. 3. When ice moves it picks up rocks on the way therefore the rock make good cutting tools such as erosion. Erosion by plucking and abrasion make the hollow deeper and bigger. * Plucking is when rocks and stones froze to the bottom of the glacier and being plucked up by the movements of the glacier. * Abrasion happens when the materials rubbed against the bedrock at the bottom and sides of the glacier. They were being pulled down by gravity. This also causes wearing to the landscape. Fine grained debris polishes the bedrock called glacial polish. 4. Some of this debris is deposited at the edge of the corrie, as a moraine, building up the lip. This combined process creates a rounded shape, with a steep back wall, and an armchair shape characteristic of a corrie. 5. When the ice melts, a lake is left in the corrie. This is called a tarn. 3: Why do you think that many people might find them both interesting and enjoyable to look at? I think people find it interesting to look at the glacier because they can find answers to their wonders of how landscape form. It is amazing to see the nature is so powerful which can move and change the land. They can also do some sporting activities such as camping and sledge riding. Furthermore they can compare the difference between places which are affected by glacier retreated and see how much ice have melted. They might find it interesting because they can see how the climate is changing and some responsibilities are down to human. B: Look at the map on page 11 and other evidence that shows how glaciers have retreated on Spitsbergen 1: Using the picture above, the time scale that retreating of glacier has been measured is 103 years. Since 1900 and up until 2003, the resources tell me that the glacier has moved 3 miles from 1983 to 2003. I measure the scale and worked out that 3mile is equivalent to 1 cm. Therefore I can say that from 1900 to 2003, the glacier has moved 16 miles and in the present time, there is a great possibility of it moving further than 16 miles. 2: The ice moves at the rate of 241 metres every year from 1983 to 2003. The map shows the glacier melted the most in 1983 to 2003, the gap between 1900 to 1916 is smaller therefore I can say that less ice receded then. The amount of precipitation on this island is very little; causing ice on Svalbard accumulates snow very slowly. This affects the way the ice movements. 3: The evidence of glacier retreating appears to match with the theory of global warming because the ice is melting very fast as the year goes on. It is because the Earth is affecting by the green house effect. This means that heat and CO2 gas are being trapped in the atmosphere instead of leaving the Earth. They insulate the heat which causing ice to melt. The pollution is increasing which makes the ice melt faster as well. The â€Å"albedo effect† has an important role in climate change. It is used to describe what material can reflect sunlight. The higher the albedo the greater it can reflects the sunlight. The higher the Earth's albedo, the more solar radiation will reflect and the Earth will heat up less. White is a good colour which doesn't absorb the heat. If the ice melts, there will be more heat being trapped and will lead to more global warming because dark colour material tends to absorb heat than the lighter colour. 4: What the likely effects on melting glaciers in the sea around Svalbard Islands? Think about salinity, exposure to erosion and changes in the land/sea level. Salinity: amount of salt dissolved in water. Melting glaciers in the sea around Svalbard Islands effects on a lot of things such as the Thermohaline, living things like polar bear and climate not only on the island but also UK and other countries. Ocean water never rest which means it moves constantly. The complicated patterns are influence by wind, the water's salinity and heat content, bottom of the ocean's structure and the Earth's rotation. One of the biggest oceans current is the Gulf Stream. It transports 150 millions cubic metres per second of warm water from the Gulf of North Mexico across the Atlantic to Svalbard. On the way it mixes with water from other current, exchanging qualities of salinity, temperature, plants and animal. When warm Gulf Stream collides with the cold Atlantic current, it causes the seawater to become extremely dense. It is because warm water has higher mass due to the heat and salty water is heavier than fresh water. The warm water sinks and exporting towards south but some will continue towards Svalbard. When it reaches South Atlantic, it moves east to join the current flows to Indian Ocean and the rest move to Pacific Ocean. There it will heat up and repeat the same cycle. If the ice in Svalbard melts even more, there will be an increase in sea level as well as more fresh water will be added in to the ocean. This fresh water will move down south and affect the Gulf Stream because it will get colder and less salty; this also upset the process of Thermohaline. If the Gulf Stream slow down or shut down completely the climate in Britain would be colder. It would be like Moscow which is on the same latitude. This is called Rapid Climate Change. Britain is warmer than Moscow due to the warm current. If the ice in Svalbard melts even more polar bear will have no where to live and reproduce because these bears rely on ice. They can not swim well enough to catch seals or fish. It will results in shortage of food and could lead to distinction. If the ice in Svalbard melts even more the land will expose more because the glacier would disappear. This will have an impact on people and tourism on this island. The unique site and land on this island will change dramatically. C. Read the Glacial meltdown information sheet. 1: The problem in suggest the reason why the glacier melts because of global warming is that it is not the only reason why. They blame it on human because we consume a lot of fossil fuel can produce toxic gas that harms the environment. Yes they are right partly, but even before we begin to us fossil foil, glacier already started to retreat. This is normal for them. They have different opinions and views but they need to know both side of the evidence. Furthermore, global warming doesn't occur in a short amount of time. It is measured over a long period and find out the changes in pattern of the temperature, ocean life, etc†¦ 2: It is important to know who produce and interpret the evidence of global warming because they could be bias and have different views of the global warming. Some time they can exaggerate. It is good to know all the evidence that global warming caused by human and nature. This statement from Greenpeace is saying that the cause of global warming that makes ice melt is due to human activity such as burning fossil fuels in cars, aeroplane, bus, etc†¦They exaggerated it even though parts of it is down to human activity. The climate change is measured over many years, decades even centuries. Climate change doesn't happen that quickly. This evidence suggests that one of the reasons why glacier retreated faster is because some ice surges forward than the other. This is normal and is due to nature and not human activities. Task 3: Climate change and effects on the food chain A: Find out about phytoplankton that grows in Arctic waters. Phytoplankton – Microscopic plants and plant-like organisms found in massive quantities in the sea. They are known as ‘the ocean's grass'. Algae bloom – A plankton bloom also known as algal bloom, is simply an area where phytoplankton (algae) reproduce very fast that you may find many thousand plant cells per litre of water. The chlorophyll in these plants colour the water green. Zooplankton – Microscopic animals and animal-like organisms found in the sea. 1: Just like any normal plant, phytoplankton needs light, warmth, nutrients, carbon dioxide and water in order to grow and reproduce. The condition and environment around it has to achieve some of the requirements for algae to grow. 2: The Ocean's bottom contains decaying plants and animals which carry nutrients; they are being brought to the surface by currents. Algae bloom occurs when the Sun comes out like in spring because plants need sunlight to develop healthily and gives it the colour green. The phytoplanktons also use the nutrients to produce; this leads to algae bloom as well as the bloom of zooplankton because they have more food to eat. The light and warmth control the multiplication of algae. In winter it is harder for this specie to grow. 3: The growth of phytoplankton is very important to the Arctic food chain because they are the producer. They are food to zooplanktons which they are eaten by fish. Small fishes like Arctic cod are eaten by other predators such as polar bears, whales, seabirds and other fish. If there are less of them then the population of other consumers and predator can decreased. B: Look at page 12 in the High Arctic book. Look at the maps and other information about the growing conditions for plants on land in the Svalbard Islands and the Arctic in general. CAFF stands for The Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. 1:  Land surface: the Arctic tundra made of flat and low land surface. The further north you go the higher the land due to some mountains. The further up north, the land is usually covers in snow and only a few plants can survive, like in Spitsbergen. Plants on land only cover just over 5% of the surface and home to 165 species of plants on Svalbard. Low land and mountain tundra's vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sledges and grasses, mosses and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecological boundary region between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line. There are likely no trees and no bushes. Taiga is described to be home to many living organism. Boreal forest refers to the southern part of this biomass. Northern taiga has small-leaves trees like birch, alder, willow and aspen. Nearly all the trees in this kind of forest are fir trees. They grow for just a few weeks and have tough leaves to survive frost, wind and snow. Whereas in southern also known as middle boreal. Trees grow bigger and home to many animals like red squirrel. The further south you go the more trees will grow and more living things are able to survive. Soil: mountain tundra has permanent frozen soil. But judging in the pictures the soil is quite fertile as there are living things growing on it. Snow buttercups, lichens etc†¦ are able to grow and reproduce on this soil. It is moist from the melted snow. Plants can not grow on the glacier because it is too cold to it to survive. Temperature: plants on Spitsbergen can grow at temperature as low as -5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. Plants like dwarf shrubs, sledges and grasses, mosses and lichens can survive at this temperature. The temperature increases as you go further south because it is nearer to the sun. the temperature raises after the snow melts so the plants can start growing. Precipitation: the mountain tundra gets less rain than the other part of this Arctic because it is colder and dryer. Places like the taiga have more precipitation because the trees need rain in order to grow big. There are more moisture in the air there than the area around glacier. Growing season: The map shows the length of time that plants need to grow. So in spring, the mountain tundra will have 80 days to grow. These plants are short whereas the middle boreal will have 160 days of growing season because the plants are tall and have loads of leaves. The further south you go the longer the growing season. Colourful wildflowers bloom from the end of June to the end of July. They have to adapt to this every short season. 2. Describe the main characteristics of plants that are found on the land. It is hard for plants to grow in the Arctic. Once the snow melts, the growing season is going to be short. Despite getting the most sunshine in summer, but the harsh weather condition have made the plants adapted to their environment such as Arctic tundra. They have distinctive characteristics such as being small, grow close together and close to the ground. This protects them from the cold temperatures and the strong winds. Some flowering plants covered in fine hair like the Arctic crocus to provide protection from the wind. Flowering plants use all the sunlight they can to produce flowers at very fast speed because they knew growing season is very short. Some plants have cup shaped flowers that face up to the sun, so they can get the sunlight shines directly at the centre of the flower that's why they are so bright. However, other plants have dark colour because they can absorb more heat. Some plants have small roots because only the top layer of the soil thaw and they have small leaves to retain moisture. Because of the short growing season, most tundra plants are perennials and they do not die in the winter. Other living organisms like lichens and mosses can survive on bare rock. They are very short. 3: Plants can be said to be part of a â€Å"fragile† environment is because they can be easily damaged. For example, tracks from a passing vehicle will tear up the fragile insulating tundra, allowing the soil to thaw into scars that may remain for hundreds of years therefore the surface layer is vulnerable to environmental damage. There are also other factors that could stop plants from growing such as colder temperature and shorter growing season. Plants there have already adapted to that low temperature, if it gets any lower there is a likely chance they will not survive. Furthermore, if the sun is not giving them enough sunlight, they wouldn't be able to grow healthily. C: Look at the Arctic food chain on page 13 in the High Arctic book. 1: The Arctic food chain consists of many animals, sea animals, land and sky. The most important producers start in the sea like the phytoplankton. They are food to the zooplankton and from that fishes consume them. Fishes are important because many animals rely and live on them such as seals, killer whales, birds, polar bear etc†¦ Birds like the kittiwake fed on fishes and they are food to Arctic foxes. If it wasn't for the sea animals, the land animals wouldn't be able to survive because they have nothing to eat. The sea environment keeps the food chain balance by providing the right amount food at the right time. Like when a female polar bear gave birth to her cub in December, the algae would bloom after December and make food for the polar bear. Numbers of birds are more than number of fishes. If the fishes do not multiply then it could cause a fall in number of animals. Numbers of whales are shortening due to whale hunting by human and animals. The food chain has interlinking which means a specie consumes more than one type of food. This increases the chance of getting something to eat than some other living organisms. 2: If the ice melts, the number of seals will decrease because they will have no where to mate and rest which will lead to the falling in polar bear's population. However, the number of fishes will increase and population of birds and foxes. It is because they will have fewer predators and more food to eat. Killer whales will be relying on squids and other fishes instead having them as well as seals. Their population will decrease but not greatly. In the future, seals might be hunted for their skin or their fat or it could be the melting of ice which will leave them homeless. 4: After the coal mining industry closed in the 1980s the future of Longyearbyen, a city in Svalbard seems to have no hope. The economy went down hill because there was not enough income and the population was decreasing. The Norwegian government decided that it would create new business opportunities on Svalbard. One of the main activities to be developed was tourism. Svalbard is a very beautiful wilderness, with many rare living organisms, and it's also a part of the Arctic that is easily accessible by plane. Because of the Gulf Stream, the temperature is not as cold compared to other places on the same Northern latitude. Longyearbyen received 25,000 tourists every year and they arrive by plane and another 25,000 visit on a cruise ship. They bring a lot of income to the town by using the facilities such as hotels, going on excursions, buying souvenirs, etc†¦. It's important that the government carefully manage the wilderness so that tourists can still enjoy coming here in the future because the view and places here are exclusive to Svalbard. It is advised not to use modern transport to go around on this island. Tourists can take the aeroplane or cruise ships but if they want to explore this land more it is best to only go with dogs, or on foot, or by skiing. One of the reasons they believe using those environmental friendly transport is because tourist come here from big city to find peace and quite. Silence is a valuable commodity today. If they raced around on snowmobiles, then people wouldn't want to come as much. In addition, motorised vehicles cause damage to the environment. They produce more C02 and destroy landscape. The Government of Norway has set a goal of trying to make Svalbard one of the best managed wildernesses in the world. To achieve this they have put a lot of regulations into force, including the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act. The purpose of this Act is to preserve a virtually untouched environment in Svalbard. Littering is forbidden, you can not pick a flower or even move a stone on the beach.

Car is dangerous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Car is dangerous - Essay Example Most of these cases occur once children are left alone in a hot car. Is happens sometimes when the attendant forgets that there were children in the car or when children get into cars without the knowledge of any adult. Within a few minutes the children can be in danger (Heat danger in cars: not just a summer problem, 2012). In some instances, parents do not like taking their children in and out of that cumbersome car seat. This is when they argue that they are making a quick belief stop. However, the stakes are very high. According to Christopher McStay, MD who is an emergency room doctor, it is never okay to leave children or pets in a car even when the windows are left down. He says that he has witnessed his share of casualties in the emergency room. According to him, a car is a greenhouse and the temperatures can become very hot in a very short time (Heat danger in cars: not just a summer problem, 2012). According to scientists, on a day that is only 72 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature in a car may rise by 30 or to 40 degrees within an hour, and more than 70 percent of this increase happens within the first 30 minutes (Grundstein, Dowd & Meentemeyer, 2012). They say that there may be heat stroke which may happen once the body temperature exceeds 104 degrees Fahrenheit. That results to the irresistible temperature of the brain causing dizziness, confusion, agitation, seizure, sluggishness and loss of consciousness or even death (Grundstein, Dowd & Meentemeyer, 2012). The National Highway traffic Safety Administration advises that when one happens to see a child left alone in hot car, the person should call 911 right away. And incase the child is in distress because of heat, they should be removed from the car as fast as possible (Musso, 2014). According to doctors, it is unfortunate that some child carriers make it difficult to know if there is a child in the seat because

CRJ311 Week 1 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJ311 Week 1 assignment - Essay Example As the technology becomes more sophisticated throughout the society, the public has developed higher expectation on forensic technology capabilities. Greater public knowledge on forensic science has led to increasing the demand for forensic evidence in several police investigations thus inflating the workload for crime laboratories (Schweitzer & Saks, 2007). To my opinion I believe that the CSI effect is a legitimate concern because it influence the perception of the public and the legal team on the type of investigations carried. In essence, several aspects of crime shows have been criticised to be unrealistic. For example, the show characters not only get involved in the process of crime scene investigation but they also engage in conducting raids, pursuit, arrest and interrogating of the suspects and solving cases. Not all these responsibilities are for the forensic scientist, but they fall under the docket of uniformed officers and detectives. Moreover, if crime scene investigators process a crime scene it will not be appropriate get involved in the examination and testing of the collected evidence from the scene, as it would compromise the impartiality of the scientific evidence gathered. In addition, real investigation of the fingerprints and DNA data is occasionally unobtainable, and if they are available, it takes several weeks to process. Whereas the television crime scene laboratories usually get and process them within few hours thus making the whole show unrealistic (Tyler, 2006). Several researchers in forensic science have always described the shows as â€Å"high-tech magic† because the results that they give are instantaneous and accurate unlike in the real investigation. A forensic scientist Mauriello Thomas stated that 40% of the scientific techniques depicted in the shows do not exist. Moreover, the use of unrealistic techniques in

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 77

Summary - Essay Example The Gallop Poll of 2011 shows just 26% for handgun ban. The issue with the thinkers is whether gun control can stop tendencies for violence. Whereas the arguments and counterarguments continue amongst various bodies concerned with controlling gun and violence, the measure does not get the legal support. â€Å"With a 5-4 decision in the District of Columbia v. Heller case heard by the Supreme Court in 2008, the court’s new reading of the Second Amendment indicates that handguns cannot be banned even at the local level because there is an individual right to handguns in the home for self-defense.†(Ryan, n. p.) This seals the issue in favor of keeping the handguns. The other method suggested is health screening of the people and the background check from the â€Å"federally licensed dealers.†(Ryan, n.p.) This suggestion is good in theory but its implementation is not practicable. One can easily buy the â€Å"gun from a private seller.†(Ryan, n. p.) But the suggestion to ban AR-15 type assault rifles merits consideration, as these types of weapons have role for civilian purposes. Congress did ban 9 types of semi-automatic weapons in 1994 and the â€Å"ban expired in 2004 and was not renewed.†(Ryan, n.p.) Going by the General Survey there is a marked reduction in gun related crimes all over the country in the last 40 years. But the Church is deeply concerned about gun trafficking and suggests that the members of the community should exercise moral authority to educate the people about the gun culture and finally guns should have no place in a society governed on moral principles. The faith community has the responsible and c onstructive role to play in this

Characteristics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Characteristics - Essay Example A number of nurses and doctors find patients’ culture as an obstacle to treatment. They believe that they, health practitioners, have been trained to know what is best for the patient and tradional beliefs amongst patients should not be encouraged. Science should be the basis on which medicine is supposed to be practiced. Practitioners also argue that the health of the patient should be given top priority, and not their cultural backgrounds or beliefs. (Toni Tripp-Reimer, Lisa Skemp Kelley) Another problem with cultural competency is that it degrades the cultural teachings to a mere technical subject, which the medical practitioners have to learn. Furthermore, the lack of diversity in the hospitals and the medical profession as a whole, leads to a lack of cultural competency care. Nurses or doctors might appear a little indifferent or unknowingly rude to a patient of a different ethnicity. The patients might notice this as a lack of sensitivity on the practitioner’s part and from there on, the communication bridge starts to break down. Also, the systems in the health care service are not up to the mark and do not meet the needs of people of different cultural backgrounds and ethnicities (Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green and J. Emilio Carrillo. 2002). Consoling a family in grief and leading them through an adaptive process can be a challenging task for the medical practitioners, especially the nurses. This requires substantial knowledge of different cultural backgrounds, so that there is no breakdown of communication. A lack of respect for someone else’s cultural beliefs comes off as a great hindrance, and does not help the whole consoling process. If a nurse or doctor is familiar with the cultural beliefs or shows respect for people of different ethnicities, he/she can aid a family through the grieving process. But if there is a fine line drawn between two

The Ellen Show Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ellen Show Assignment - Research Paper Example Amidst occasions, she and the group of onlookers move to the music played by D.J. Tony Okungbowa. The website of the TV show which is www.ellentv.com is fast and snappy. It is bright and colorful but fewer colors would not have harmed the eyes for that sake. In order to maintain the viewership in the television channels they do not broadcast their full episodes on their website instead just a brief overview of the show or the episode is given. The website has lot of endorsement for other brands who try to promote themselves through the show. In my opinion these promotions should not be given all over the websites rather they can create a separate section for the promotions and brands related to Ellen Degeneres. Let us talk about the recommendation for the show. The show is one of the most popular in the world and does not have any negative side to it. So we cannot say that is harmful for the kids as such. It is funny, spread awareness and makes people dance. One suggestion that can be given as a viewer is that Ellen is only shot in USA which does not give the world wide fans a chance to be in the show. It is a show which is broadcast all the globe and it is loved and appreciated by people of every country and religion. They can conduct an Ellen Tour like those conducted by music artist and travel all over the world to meet the global fans. This is further make the show popular and people from various countries can have a chance to watch the show live. This event can be done once every season and they can probably one geographic region at a time. The Ellen application is available for apple devices and android platform. But there are other platforms such as blackberry and windows phone whic h are equally popular. In my suggestion they should make the applications for these platforms as well to increase the fan falling. As far as the famous lines in the show are concerned, there isn’t any. It is just a show named after a celebrity who is a comedian and brings

Impact of trade unions on firm performance Essay

Impact of trade unions on firm performance - Essay Example They use this power to reach a compromise with the employers (Bennett & Kaufman, 2007). In spite of the outcome, the members of unions must adhere to the solution at which the two parties arrive. The history of trade or labor unions dates back to 1860’s when workers created labor unions that included a vast range of workers (Currie, 2001). However, the unions did not accomplish any notable achievements and they ended up closing their doors. Over time, worker's  approach to trade unions has changed drastically, and they have accomplished commendable results for their members. They have banded a lot of employees from various industries so as to enhance their experience in the workplace (Bennett & Kaufman, 2007). The key function of these unions is to push for improved working conditions and reasonable wages for their members. The leaders hold negotiations with employers regarding issues such as wage increments, better benefits and working hours and more vacation time among oth ers. The decision that the union arrives at is binding for all its members. The leaders also hold regular meetings to handle complains, concerns and recommendations, as well as vote on key decisions before negotiating with employers. In the case where a trade union does not reach a decision with an employer, it may result in a strike (Currie, 2001). A strike is a decision that all members must respect. Trade unions include employees from a given industry such as the agriculture industry, or a specific agency such as local or state government. Furthermore, there are some minimum requirements that unions require from their members in order to get official membership. Some unions require their new members to pay a registration fee while other requires them to have certification in order to join. The unions may include both blue color employees and professional. Different unions vary in terms of the features and qualifications since they operate in different industries and have diverse memberships. In addition to their role in enhancing the conditions of employees, the unions also take part in political activism. During the formulation of legislations especially laws that touch on the lives of workers directly, they send their representatives to influence the outcome. Although the key objective of these unions is to push for improved wages and working conditions in the workplace, this objective also includes political activism. This paper discusses how trade unions impact on performance, as well as outline how employees can best handle trade unions. Impact of trade unions on performance The key goal of the unions is to ensure that their members have the best working conditions, reasonable wages, are not mistreated by employers and get vacations as necessary (Bennett & Kaufman, 2007). However, the impact of trade unions does not only influence these factors. They affect other areas such as performance of employees among others. This can be either in a positive or a negative manner. Trade unions can either result in increased performance or decreased performance depending on the outcome. Increased performance The impact of a trade union can have positive effects on a firm’s performance. Among the key roles of a human resource manager is to motivate employees to perform in a better way. HR managers can motivate employees in a number of ways. These are better wages and working

Original topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Original topic - Essay Example He uses extensive research and presents the works of eminent psychologists like Robert Krant and Vicki Lundmark and data from Universities to prove that the internet isolates a person gradually, breaking the person away from all social interactions and human bonds and capturing him in an online world, where everything may seem present but nothing is close to real. Anyone, who today depends on the internet for all forms of communication, interaction and work, may reject the claims made by the article even after statistical backups, but when you spare some thought to it, the fact gradually surfaces that, though the internet may have been a boon to humankind in ways uncountable, it carries a hidden curse with it- it cannot successfully replace human vocal communication or other forms of interactions and may be truly isolating a person from the real physical world. Stoll says that the use of internet communication retards the growth of our inter-personal communication skills.   Ã¢â‚¬Å" These electronic intermediaries dull our abilities to read each other’s gestures and facial expressions, to express our feelings, to strike up conversations with strangers, to craft stories, to tell jokes†, thus the very essence of vocal and physical communication loses in the war of â€Å"type-and-send† emotions. I feel that most of his points are valid. Internet communication can only convey words and never the feelings attached. When compared to face-to-face interactions or telephonic communication, internet surely fails as a tool to show emotions. The only forms of emotion that we may comprehend from such digital exchange of words are when â€Å"emoticons† are used, but that too, is not close to the reality. This slowly diminishes our ability to understand true emotions of people. For example there is difference between the feelings of being satisfied, happy, really happy and on-top of the world happiness, but the only emoticon that internet communicat ion uses is a smiley, which fails to shows the degree of emotion. I also agree that our ability to kick-start a conversation with a stranger is also reduced; we may think that just because we are able to speak to completely unknown people over the net, I am completely sure that, it would have been impossible to do so in-person. For example, on Facebook I have been friends with a Japanese girl and an Indian girl who were completely strangers but if I were to meet them in person, I would not have that courage to start and continue long friendly conversations. Stoll argues that â€Å"lack of close social contact† depresses a person and changes their personality. He presents the work of psychologists from Carnegie Mellon University to show that â€Å"online activity resulted in increased loneliness.† He refers to the work of another psychologist, Kimberly Young where it is seen that people who are active online for increases number of hours feel odd, shy and out-of-place w hen having a face-to-face interaction with others. I believe that this point is completely valid. People who are shy and have no communication skills may feel that the internet helps them communicate and reveal the true them but this is completely wrong to me because I think that the internet helps them create a virtual world in their mind and makes them adapt to it. These internet communicators become good at making friends and interacting online, knowing that others cannot see or feel them but in reality when these same

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Example for Free

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Michael E. Deutsch, Dennis Cunningham and Elizabeth M. Fink †Twenty Years Later — Attica Civil Rights Case Finally Cleared for Trial† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 13-25 This is a journal uses the commissioner, the director of the correctional, Russel Osward as a center role to recall the Attica Riot, condemning his failure of management of the prison regime and the inhumane assault he had set to end up the uprising. The government had covered the facts of violent assault of the riot for years, but it had been dug out by the protest of the riot survivors 20 years after the riot, and they finally won the negotiations and gained their civil rights. Quotations can be cited for discussing how the negotiation had gone through. It also provides me some background information of the riot. It also gives a sense of what kind of civil rights had been violated and what had been brought back. I can use these rights as reference to seek changes of the State laws. Vicky Munro-Bjorklund â€Å"Popular Cultural Images of Criminals and Prisoners since Attica† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 48-70 This journal focuses on the popular culture images that been shaped after the Attica Riot. It argues that the misunderstanding of the prisoner had been changed since the uprising, and media is also a force that pushes the prisons into reform. Because of stereotype, or the popular cultural images of the prisoners, no one had paid that much attention to the prisoners before the increasing exposure of the real â€Å"prisoners’ life† after the Attica Riot. The description of the popular cultural images of the prisoners in Attica is really a good resource to use. This resource is mainly a statement of the prisoners’ image. I do not need to describe the change of the images because I am focusing on the law changes, so nothing will be quoted, but it makes me think in a new way: The affection of exposure from the public or social media. George Edwards, â€Å"Foreword: Penitentiaries Produce No Penitents† forward-penitentiaries produce no penitents, 63 J. Crim. L. Criminology Police Scl. 159(1972): 154-161   This journal focused on how the social media have done to help the colored people inside the US penal system by using the example of the media affection of the Attica Riot. It focuses on and the cultural images that shape the stereotype of the black people so that they are isolated from â€Å"us†. The prisoners’ lives in the prisons have become more transparent through the social media after the Attica Riot when the social media have paid attention to them and cover more about them. Social media is condemning the brutal treatment to the prisoners and the injustice of the sentence through different ways. This paper is searched after the previous one, it is a good resource for seeing how the social media had pushed the State to change their correctional method and give back prisoners’ civil rights. Willi The Naturalization Act of 1790 am L. Wilbanks The report of the commission on Attica, 37 Fed. Probation 3 (1973): 3-5 This is a prime summery of the national commission report of the Attica Riot published on September 13,1972. It briefly summarized and explained what is the Attica Riot, recorded the cause of it, reported the negotiation of it, and analyzed the assault and the aftermath of it. The main highlight of the riot from the report is that it happened at a time when the prison was about to reform for better, and the violent assault was because the prison inmate was asking for general pardon, but the government refused so, yet the result was still inhumane. This report is brief and comprehensive; it is providing background information for the public to get the general idea of the riot. Part of it can be quoted for a prof of inhumane treatment after the uprising. Gerald Benjamin and Stephen P. Rappaport, Attica and Prison Reform, Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 3, Governing New York State: The Rockefeller Years (May, 1974), pp. 200-213 This journal focuses on reporting the details of the negotiation and the assault of the Attica Riot. Informing us assault is because of the failure of the negotiation. This journal also mentioned that the riot happened when the reform was just about to be taken into practice. After the riot, the reform began, including the facilities change and the treatment changes. Changes are based on the fund from federal and the State, though something still needs to be change, it was already a big step. It is also showing some significant changes such as the change in the employment of the facilities from all whites to Latinos, the shortened time of locking. Though this journal is really detail, I need to quote the changes of laws rather than just physical changes in this piece. Angela Y. Davis: Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press New York, 2003: 10-19, 84-104 Chapter 1 introduces us with an idea of prison reform, which gains the majority supports of the public and it is also the reason for the Attica Riot. It also reveals the idea that not many people outside the prison are willing to think about the life inside the prison, which is going to be a support of why I said that there is not that much attention had been paid for prison treatment. Chapter 5 tells us how a mass of private companies and industries are gaining a lot of profit from the prisoners so that prisoners are not gaining what they are supposed to be gained. Both chapters are supporting the idea of why prisons should be paid attention and be reformed. Thought the industrial complex of the prison is written recently rather than the immediate fact, I would use them as reference of things that haven’t been improved after the riot. Bruce Burgett and Glenn Hendler, Keywords for American Cultural Studies, New York University Press, 2007: 37-42 This piece gives readers a brief history from the ancient Greek to now of how Citizenship has come to its status in the United State. The civil rights have been violated by the sovereignty, but finally came to equality through the push of institutions, religions, as well as civil movements. This piece also introduces us that how the technology and transportations are important to a new understanding of citizenship. This piece is important for analyzing the prison rights because I am writing through the prospect that prison inmates are also citizens, that they should have the same rights as those normal citizens, but prisoners’ rights are somehow always been valid or even ignored by the U.S. penal system. This article helps to define the citizen in my paper. Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee, Policing the National Body Sex, Race, and Criminalization, South End Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002: 1-48 Chapter one gives us a general idea on how the US penal apparatus has been enforced by the participation of multiple â€Å"relevant† institutions. It is showing audiences how those institutional officers themselves are offending the laws but still act as a law executive, and how they use the name of immigration law to violate the rights, especially the rights of the women with colors, they offence their bodies, and use them to incarcerate colored men. This helps to analysis the female prison treatments in recent time. Though it is a good example to show the violation of the civil rights but it might be a little different from the topic that I am writing about because it is mainly focused on the recent time and the immigration laws. Dylan Rodriguez, Forced Passages, Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, London, 2006 This chapter focuses on the formation of the key word: The War. Though the war is supposedly be the conflict between states, the writer tells readers that the U.S. government is using the war zone as a way to control the citizens. It talks about how the power is contributed through the use of the prison regime. I would like to quote the history of the prison regime to inform that the prison today has a slavery background and that is what makes the rights of prisoners been blurred so reasonably. U.S. Naturalization Act of 1790, The Transcript of 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865) The naturalization act is the fundamental act to the U.S. citizens. It indicated that free white of good moral character that had lived in the U.S. for two years and swore allegiance. It can be used as a historical accordant to the descriptions of the history of the prison regime. The 13th amendment establishes birthright of citizenship due process and equal protection, formally extends citizenship to newly freed, black men. Both of these laws can be use as track of the citizenship as proves of the inequality of the civil laws roots. Abstract Citizenship refers to the link between state and person who lives in. Citizens by broad should be within the link and should be someone who lives in the sate. Prisoners as a special type of citizen are supposed to have the same civil rights and be protected by the same laws, yet their circumstances put them into a situation where their rights are violated constantly with or without justice. Prison treatments in the US, can been seen as a significant example of the violation of the prisoners’ civil rights. It has never been paid attentions until the four-day uprising in the Attica Correctional Facility burst out in 1971. Attica Riot was the most violent riot in the entire U.S. history. Through out the uprising, many inhumane treatments of the prisoners have been revealed through the exposure of the social media. As a curiosity on the affects of prison uprisings on the New York State government, this paper is going to discover some significant changes that had been made by the New York State immediately after the riot through the aftermath negotiation of the Attica riot to indicate that the prisoner rights are still not have been treated rightly.

Objective Of Music Creation And Techniques Music Essay

Objective Of Music Creation And Techniques Music Essay In the modern time, music instrument can be found everywhere. Different kinds of instruments are on sell in musical instrument shops. Besides, there are also many books about music to teach us how to compose or play music instruments. Whats more, many training institutions teach students to acquire music techniques. And different kinds of examinations about music try to test our music level. But problems occur when people try to gain music technique. Some people believe it is the most important to acquire music technique  ¼Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¼Ã…’ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. So in this essay, it talks about whether music is art or technique. In the first part, it refers to something about the character of music art. In the second part, the focus is on the technique of music. Finally, this essay tries to tell that people should not fall into the trap of technique.  ¼Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã…“â⠀š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾-à ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º-à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-à §Ã‚ «Ã‚  Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã…  Ã¢â€š ¬-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬  Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ª-à §Ã‚ «Ã‚  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ »Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ -à ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° It is incredible for us to live without music. Different kinds of music can be found everywhere. Young people often wear headphone to listen to pop music when they walk around. Someone prefer to classic music or musical play. Music often makes the listeners feel happy, sad, excited or negative. The art of music can cause a strong feeling in peoples heart directly ¼Ã…’ (even) some kinds of music can even cure mental illness. Whats more, musics territory can cover the whole world as almost everyone would like to hear music no matter where he comes from (Mark, 2003). Music art produced as sound wave vibrate. It performs as the time flows. It can cause different kinds of emotional reactions and emotional experience by peoples hearing organ. Music is the component of country or areas culture. So it may affect the nations culture level and peoples quality (Barry, 2001, p.882). Music will have a positive or negative influence on peoples mind. In some western country, people have great enthusiasm on music creation. Some music can affect peoples way of thinking and even childrens intelligence. By enjoying elegant music people would like to behave gracefully. So it plays a significant role in modeling peoples behavior. It is hard to think that grace music produced by vulgar nation (à ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¨Ã†â€™Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¼Ã…’nationà ¦Ã…“†°vulgarà ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã… ¸). The character of ar t in music can be found in four aspects as follows. Firstly, music is an art of sound. Sound is the material base of music. And music is living by different kinds of sound wave vibrating. Sound can be divided into two different kinds which are desired sound and undesired sound. The major sound used in music is desired sound. Noise like tucket can be hard to bear. And it will almost not be used in music creation. Its musical sounds physical properties such as pitch, flat, tone and so on make it possible for music to have different style. So singers are eager to have a good voice and musical instrument should also have a good tone (Thomas, Richard and Paul, 2002). Secondly, music is the art of time. Here, time mostly means musics rhythm. Music will disappear when the body of sound stops vibrating. The times length of music can have an important influence on rhythm. The rhythm can be soul of music. People would like to start to dance when he hears some wonderful music whose rhythm is quite good. It is musics rhythm such as elasticity, density and speed which make music to have a good expressive force (Julius, 2003). The rhythm of music can be something which infect peoples feelings directly. And it is easy for people to remember the rhythm and spread it unconsciously. Third, music can be the art of hearing. It is almost for people to enjoy music without hearing. When people hear a piece of music they will feel the corresponding emotion in their heart. All the effect aroused in peoples heart cannot live without hearing. So it is important to have a good sense of music. The sense of music will have a big influence on peoples understand of music. And it also effect musicians creation. Almost every musician would like to compose a piece of music which can be accepted widely. -à §Ã…’ ® Last but not least, music is the art of affection. Musics creation, performance and appreciation are based on human beings affection and mental activities. What music tries to communicate is peoples affection. A musician cannot compose without any affection and a listener who listens to the music cannot have resonance without affection. The reason why do people like to listen to the music is because we have the similar feelings. Whats more, animals or even plants have the ability to appreciate music. Human beings cannot communicate with animals by language but sometimes sound can solve the problem. So it is clearly music can be a basic method to communicate with each other (Kenneth, 1996). Although we cannot deny music is a kind of art but it is impossible for people to compose music without any techniques. Music has a long history and its origin can data back from time unrecorded. Human beings have already known to use high-low or strength of voice to express their meanings and emotions before language occurs.  ¼Ã‹â€ -à §Ã…’ ®Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Besides human beings, animals like birds can also make beautiful sound. And the sound of water flowing and wind blowing can also be seemed as music. In the beginnings, people just use their voice to make music such as sing a song. But as the time flows, other appliances have been used to create music. Some instruments try to imitate the sound of nature. It can be the first time for people to think about the technology of music. Music has strong affection on peoples mind and feeling. People would be infected with different kinds of music. They can know what the music tries to express and sometimes feel resonance in their heart. They would appreciate it like other artwork. And it is important for a musician to gain good reputation from reviewers. When people realize different music appliances will have a big influence on music creation they try to seek good appliances as possible as they can. Whats more, some musicians leave their preious experience on music creation to incomers (Patrik and Daniel, 2008, p.563). From thus, music theory or technique develops quickly. People who have an interesting on music would like to learn these music theory or techniques in order to create good music works. So the standard of music technique also develops quickly. It is clearly that musics objective is to have a good effect on both creators and appreciators. So people may think that they will create wonderful music if musi c technique is good enough as they had learned. Although the learning of music cannot live without techniques but it is not enough. A music piece which is regarded as a good one should contain consummate technique and spirit of art. A music opus which has no flaw in technique but lacks of inspiration of art cannot be considered as a success one. Art can be defined as the product or process when human beings try to create beauty. Art need technique but it is not technique. When people create music they would like to create beauty in the meantime. It is impossible for musician to create music without any techniques but it also can be a big problem whether good technical quality of music equal to good music. In all ages, people use different kinds of technique to create music. But music opus can be created without particular technique. For example, in the early time, there is no piano and people dont know the technique of how to play piano. But people can create music by other music instruments. However, the piano help musician to have another way to create music. The direct purpose of technical in music which belongs to the concept of technology is to make the music expression better. In the modern music, music technique can be seen in many music areas. For examples, examinations such as piano level exam whose targets is to test piano technique; teaching activities which have been technicalization; teaching material classify in terms of technique and so on. Whether technique can become beauty is a question need to be discussed. In someones eyes, music technique also has its aesthetic value. The developing of ability of aesthetic is also the developing of appreciation of the technique. For example, it is no doubt that the ability to painting belongs to the appreciation of art while how to use pigment, line and tools is the problem about technique. But some people have the different opinions. As we know it is hard to evaluate whether a music opus is good or not and it is also difficult for teachers to teach music. That means in order to solve t he problems we faced in modern time we should make the music standardization. To write a good music opus or give a wonderful instrumental performance can be someones dreams. In the modern time, music is not merely to express ones feelings or minds but it can gain honour or reputation (Mikael, Mika and Vesa, 2009). People would like to think that it is amazing for a child to pass piano ten levels. The childs parents would gain much praise. Sometimes, it equals to success when someone acquire high challenge techniques of music. So it is easy to understand why there are so many training institutions to teach techniques of music. In such situation, someone may acquire exquisite techniques but his opus is worthless. Of course, human beings compose, sing and give an instrumental performance is something related to art appreciation. But how do people sing, play music is the problem of technique. The aesthetic value of technique can be found not only when the techniques are used to make music better but also exist in technique itself. For example, the mellow and full voice can be seemed as a beautiful sound in the practice of vocal music. Bel canto is deemed as a both scientific and systemic way to sing. It has its own aesthetic value no matter whether it takes part in the expression of music or not. In the skills of playing wind instruments, pure tone can be the life of these wind instruments. The good tone is the basic technique requirement in the playing of wind instruments. The beauty of oboe may be lost if the player make the tone like sunray. As to the problem of making instrument, the developing of technical quality of music becomes more clearly. Such as the appearance of instruments, postur e of the players can be included in the view of music technique. From this point, we cannot deny that music technique has its own value and it will not die out as the bad music opus. It is also obviously that better techniques will do much help on the performance of music. Music technique is the foundation and means of music expression. Skilful music technique can help to maximize the effect of music expression. The development of music art and music technique will bring motive power to both of them. That is to say, when people pursue the expressive force of music art it will promote the development of music technique. On the other hand, the improvement of technique will have a positive influence on the music expression force. It is necessary for a composer to master first-class technology if he wants to create a desirable works no matter how abundant his imagination is. That is to say, a good composer must grasp knowledge about how construct different music forms and should have the ability to utilize them expertly. The techniques which have a strong rational factor play a significant role in how to transfer the emotion content into music. The expectation of imagination can be realized by the using techniques. In the process of making music, technique should be served to the creativity imagination and also be responsible for it. If the musician has no inspiration but technique the opus can become quite hollow and unworthiness. Music technique should not betray the objective of art. It must be just used to realize the objective to better the music expression after reaching the standard of techniques. Otherwise, composers may fall into the trap of flaunting technology. Someone who has grasped good skills ma y not compose a good music piece. For example, a singer who own excellent skills and wonderful voice may also lose the performance. Some singers put too many energy on the phrase while ignore the integrity of a song. Such songs cannot be regarded as a good one. In other situation, it feels quite mechanical when some signers sing a song which is quite familiar to them. So as a result, a composer will not get a good work of art if he only has the willing to compose but no technique. Meanwhile, someone who only has technique cannot cause resonance in listeners heart. In the modern life, the development of technique doesnt bring much happiness to human beings but it causes the survival crisis and the decline of spiritual civilization. This can be regarded as the dissimilation of technique. Dissimilation means something (object) which is the opposite of subject emerges when subject take actions, and then the object becomes an outside and alien power to govern and control subject.  ¼Ã‹â€ -à §Ã…’ ®Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Modern western music together with some professional modern music in China in 1980s tries to subvert traditional music in order to get rid of the constraint of traditional music. They try their best to create something new and original in the music technique (Lamere, 2008, p.109). For examples, the deconstruction of tune, melody and musical form. Some composers seem to get rid of the restraint of traditional music. But the result is that they had fallen into the trap where pursue technique only. And this makes the long distance with the listeners. Music art is the achievement of human beings spiritual creation. Why do people need music art is the reason that it can bring the enjoyment of beauty and the happiness on the spirit. If a kind of music cannot be accepted by the most people, this music may have a bad future. In the view of accepting aesthetics, the subjects who enjoy art should be put in a high position. That means the art should be easy to understand and receive. The integr ated system of music art should include creation, performance and acceptance. So the lack of acceptance by listeners in modern music should be considered deeply. It can lead to the breakdown of art when technique is higher than the music expression. In the teaching of music, teachers give important position to the teaching of technique and ignore the foster of music performance and art quality (Nina and Bharath, 2010, p.601),. So what the education system created is craftsmen rather than musician. This proved the dissimilation of music technique. Popular song is an art which has been technicalization and it is the result of the combination of human voice and machine. Popular songs can express peoples emotion easily. It is easy to find peoples feelings in a popular song but it is hard to find the rational thinking. Some singers would like to express affection optionally with the absence of necessary technique. So it is important for popular art to import technique. But it is not unconditional. In a short word, the result should reflect art is higher than technique and people just utilize technique. But such utilization should not be too much. Too much technique which is not necessary can destroy a music piece. So it is important for musician to prevent the dissimilation of technique (Martina Mladen and Dijana, 2008, p.71).For example, a child may acquire the technique to play a piece of Chopin but it is almost impossible for him to understand what the piece tries to express. It feels like someone who only has a human body but no feelings. Conclusion From this essay, it is clearly to us that art is the objective of music creation and techniques are the methods to reach such the objects. Art cannot live without technique but it makes no sense when people only have technique. A good piece of music needs the necessary technique. But if someone only try his best to pursue the master of technique while ignore the feeling of music it is hard for him to compose a good opus. So the objective of art in music creation should be put in the first position. People should not fall into the trap of just pursueing techniques.

tuesday with morrie :: essays research papers

How to give a summary of such a powerful book seems to me to be beyond comprehension. The book has left me so full of life, so committed to changing the way I behave, the way I think, the way I feel about life, death, how I treat others, and how I spend the hours of everyday. The book has left me with thousands of zooming thoughts in my head, like moths circling a light bulb, just trying to feel the soothing heat being radiated from it’s ember glow. The way I feel after reading this book, must be how an immigrant felt when taking those first steps onto American soil. Extremely overwhelmed yet so filled with anticipation for the new life they can lead, if only they make the right choices for themselves, and not fall into the pitfalls of society’s culture, but make a culture of their own. â€Å" Invest in the human family. Invest in people. Build a community of those you love and who love you† The main character of the book is a College professor at Brandeis University in the city of Waltham, Massachusetts. His name is Morrie Schwartz. One of his students (who he hasn’t seen in sixteen years) has just heard the news of his favorite professors, battle with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL), Lou Gehrig’s disease, a brutal, unforgiving illness of the neurological system with no known cure. The student, Mitch Albom, (also the author) decides to fulfill the promise he had made to Morrie after graduation, of keeping in contact. He catches a flight to Massachusetts on a Tuesday and does this for the next several Tuesdays till the death of Morrie. On those Tuesdays, classes were being held, not in the all too familiar classrooms of the college, but in the intimate setting of Morrie’s home. They would write their final thesis paper on â€Å"The Meaning of Life.† The paper was to include but not be limited to the following topics: Death, Fear, Aging, Greed, Marriage, Family, Society, Forgiveness, and A Meaningful Life. Every Tuesday when Mitch would arrive he could see the brutal deterring of Morrie’s small disease infested body. Yet the spirit of this small dying man was bigger than life itself. This confused Mitch, but as the story progresses Mitch begins to comprehend why this man with only months to live is still so filled with life. tuesday with morrie :: essays research papers How to give a summary of such a powerful book seems to me to be beyond comprehension. The book has left me so full of life, so committed to changing the way I behave, the way I think, the way I feel about life, death, how I treat others, and how I spend the hours of everyday. The book has left me with thousands of zooming thoughts in my head, like moths circling a light bulb, just trying to feel the soothing heat being radiated from it’s ember glow. The way I feel after reading this book, must be how an immigrant felt when taking those first steps onto American soil. Extremely overwhelmed yet so filled with anticipation for the new life they can lead, if only they make the right choices for themselves, and not fall into the pitfalls of society’s culture, but make a culture of their own. â€Å" Invest in the human family. Invest in people. Build a community of those you love and who love you† The main character of the book is a College professor at Brandeis University in the city of Waltham, Massachusetts. His name is Morrie Schwartz. One of his students (who he hasn’t seen in sixteen years) has just heard the news of his favorite professors, battle with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL), Lou Gehrig’s disease, a brutal, unforgiving illness of the neurological system with no known cure. The student, Mitch Albom, (also the author) decides to fulfill the promise he had made to Morrie after graduation, of keeping in contact. He catches a flight to Massachusetts on a Tuesday and does this for the next several Tuesdays till the death of Morrie. On those Tuesdays, classes were being held, not in the all too familiar classrooms of the college, but in the intimate setting of Morrie’s home. They would write their final thesis paper on â€Å"The Meaning of Life.† The paper was to include but not be limited to the following topics: Death, Fear, Aging, Greed, Marriage, Family, Society, Forgiveness, and A Meaningful Life. Every Tuesday when Mitch would arrive he could see the brutal deterring of Morrie’s small disease infested body. Yet the spirit of this small dying man was bigger than life itself. This confused Mitch, but as the story progresses Mitch begins to comprehend why this man with only months to live is still so filled with life.

Costs and Benefits of Globalization and Localization Essay -- Globaliza

For one to understand the costs and benefits of globalization and localization one first needs to understand what each entails. Globalization is when a country involves itself into international affairs, economically, politically or even possibly culturally. Globalization expands beyond the local boundaries of a nation and spreads into other communities throughout the world. Localization is when a country chooses not to participate in global affairs and confines itself and its people from taking part in any type of involvement with any other country. This means that this country does not participate in any economic, political or culture issues with outsiders. In many articles addressing business today, one can read about the views toward globalization. Many feel as though globalization is the best process a business should pursue. This process of globalization offers a way in which countries can become involved with a nation for common interests. By using the globalization process, a country can learn new ways of technology. For example, the United States could involve itself with a country that mainly depends on farming for their economic stability and learns from them their enhanced techniques that our farmers could apply to make their crops grow better. In turn the U.S. could set up some kind of, trade with this agricultural country. Possibly, the U.S. could teach this country on how to make their economy stronger by becoming involved in the global free trade markets were they could make excellent profits on their produce. This way the United States and the agricultural country would both earn a great deal from this global involvement. This leads into another advantage for globalization, trade. Some countries have immers... ... The economy is given a chance to strengthen through trade and allies can be made with international involvement. Also important is the cultures and traditions that can be spread throughout the world when there is communication. Localization also stresses culture but it is only one culture that is being observed. Nationalism is very important for a country and gives its people pride but there does not need to be seclusion from the rest of the world. For the economy, there is a better chance for jobs and facilities to be started within a country that has a global economy booming. All in all I believe the benefits for globalization out way those of localization but it is very important that a country gets involved in globalization but also includes localization in some ways as well. Work Cited Rosenau , James. The Complexities and Contradictions of Globalization

The Sign of the Loincloth: Jeremiah (13:1-11) :: essays research papers fc

The Sign of the Loincloth: Jeremiah (13:1-11)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first eleven verses of chapter thirteen of Jeremiah are a very distinctive portion of an already unique book. Jeremiah’s vision of the sign of the loincloth is an affluent passage whose depth cannot be fully understood without a proper exegetical exploration. I intend on doing an exegesis on this passage of Jeremiah. The language and symbols used held significance easily understood by the original audience, yet are difficult to comprehend by modern audiences. The main significance of this piece is not the ruin of the people of Judah, rather the lack of an offering of hope which usually accompanies the prophecies and visions of Jeremiah. The complexity of the passage, coupled with the depth of scholarly research accompanying it make it a challenging, yet fulfilling passage for a deeper exegetical study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prophet Jeremiah prophesied for a long period of time. Most scholars agree that the dates for the career of Jeremiah begin sometime around 630 BC and end sometime very soon after the fall of Judah to the Babylonians in 586 BC. The book of Jeremiah is a composition highlighting this long career spanning numerous years and an equally numerous number of monarchs. J.A. Thompson, in his commentary on Jeremiah, highlights that the dates for this passage are hard to narrow down, yet many scholars align with one particular interpretation. He believes that the date for the opening passage of chapter thirteen occurred sometime around the battle of Carchemish in 605 B.C. After this battle, Jehoiakim, King of Judah, shifted his main alliance from Egypt to Nebuchadreaazr of Babylon. His logic for this date is very sound. Overman 2 He indicated that the nature of the piece is representative of a shift of both power and allegiance. During this time period, Babylon and to some extent Assyria re-emerged as the predominant powers in the Ancient Near East. The re-emergence of Babylon as the dominant nation brought them into a closer connection with the kingdom of Judah, thereby bringing the Babylonian dominance into the forefront of Jewish thought, especially for the prophetic faction. The greatest concern for the prophets, including Jeremiah, would have been the return of the Babylonian gods Baal and Asheroth to the forefront of Jewish worship. The Jewish people, particularly the kingdom of Judah, had long rotated their allegiance between Yahwehistic worship and the worship of Babylonian fertility gods. Thompson argues, and is agreed with by many scholars including J.

Family Identity Essay

David and Bar-Tal’s look at collective identity by incorporating a micro and macro level of research. The first level tells us the individual process of identification; which is important with the surrounding society for molding of one. There are many aspects of identification such as cognitive, motivational, and emotional. Macro is the second level it defines collective identity in a diverse way such as, a situation in which people in society identify themselves as collective and they also know there are other people that do this as well. In David and Bar-Tal’s article they claim that â€Å"collective identity† is an important implication for a group of people and its members as individuals and also as a whole; it can construct the sense of the group and how they are united together. They talk about how there is an emotional aspect of how we identify ourselves; people in a group feel attached with each other as love and care is expressed amongst them all and is shown. A family Identity I believe is â€Å"unique† and they show us that cultural beliefs, values, norms and such things make up uniqueness; a family usually is a â€Å"we† which makes it distinctive with unique characteristics. In my research paper I am going to address how â€Å"family identity† is seen as a â€Å"collective identity† and also I want to look at how a family becomes who they are, how they are not the same as each other. I first would like to explain what a â€Å"family† is. The main aspects that my paper is based on is going to be how change and family rituals can shape that identity, how a family theorizes themselves, not based on an actually theories that people assume about how they live. Lastly I will be talking about the togetherness of family- how families move and shift into different places and how families willingly spend time with each other even when there are many other better things to do in the outside world. What is a family actually? Have you ever wondered? A family is shaped by how we live our everyday lives with the members of our family; families constitute and manage their identities themselves (Epp, A & Price, L, 2008). We do not know what one is as a family, each family containes different everyday experience and consists of uniqueness within everyone. A  family is usually seen as a â€Å"we†; there may be a way to tell how a family sustains their identity and how they engage in consumption activities to manage those identities. Families build collective identity as they see it in media and what they inherit; their identity is the sense of it owns continuity over time, and the present situation and its characters. The authors Epp, A and Price, L (2008) go into figuring out exactly how family identity works; I believe that family identity builds from the day it has started and their identity does not just appear it has to be created. Change is a huge aspect of life, it can shape how we live; family rituals and traditions are abounded within change throughout lives. The value of assessing family ritual life is an aid to understanding how a family gets organized and the process of becoming an actual family. According to Giblin’s (1995) research that there if there was not any family rituals, the families were not satisfied in their marriage which would affect the kids as well. A relationship between family ritual meaning and marital satisfaction was demonstrated with good results. Families, like individuals, have identities; the family may have certain beliefs about themselves which are generally recognized and seen by others. Such beliefs may relate to the family’s achievement, career aspirations, wealth, poverty, physical appearance, communication styles or coping mechanisms. Each of these qualities or characteristics reflects the family identity (Friesen, J, 1990). Rituals are one of those things that make a family different from all the other families in the world; every family has a certain ritual or belief that they hang onto which also gets carried on throughout their generations of the family. A ritual does not have to be something that is based on one’s culture, a ritual can be something like having movie night every Friday of the month and everyone just sitting together and relaxing as family; a ritual can be as simple as that. Change can also how a families identity is, because in the place where they are known, they have a reputation that they have to live up to kind of and in a new place they have to build that again, which is an example of change like moving to a different place. Change can also be something like a divorce which is huge in a family; it can change many things throughout all the relationships that had been made already. Does one make a family based on what they have read about what a family should actually be? Specialist has their own theories about what a family should act like, but a family has their own theories about how they should work together as. Our own family and our everyday lives are by the complex intersections of many forces such as things like material health, moral and spiritual, temporal, spatial and relationship concerns (Daly, K, 2003). These concerns are both ordinary and persistent; they are not often apparent in our formal theories of families. The theories created by specialist have referred as the â€Å"elusiveness of family life†; everyday concerns such as the ones listed above are pervasive, however they are not often apparent in the formal theories created about families. There is a difference between theories that scholars create and what a family actually lives by. The author uses negative spaces to foreground the implicit theories created by scholars; negative spaces are the recessive areas that we are unaccustomed to seeing but that are every but important for the representation of the reality at hand (Daly, K, 2003). The three main negative spaces in a family include things such as the realm of belief and intuition which consists of emotions, religious and spiritual matter, the world of material things and the coordinate of time and space as means of everyday family experiences (Daly, K, 2003). Scholars theorize families differently than they actually are; on television we see examples of families that some scholars may have theorized to be the correct way of living as a family. These examples from the television can lead many of us wanting to have that kind of perfect family, and sometimes make us try too hard to create that picture-perfect family; but all we have to do is make our families the way we want them to be, not what we have seen. Families are created by people, they do not just occur. People begin a family with people they care about and also sometimes a certain place can make it easier to make a family happen. Miller, L (1995) explains that there is decline of intact families in the suburbs; once a promising place for a family to flourish, Family is not only a domestic alliance, it is a group of people that enjoy each other’s company. There doubts in many ways that the social and spatial structure of suburbia does promote family togetherness. Family was beginning to be redefined as a source of companionship and  emotional sustenance and the suburbs were a great place to begin according to Miller, L (1995). Family I believe is an alliance that creates a household to take care of its members’ basic necessities; but they are also a group of people who enjoy each other’s company. This is a vision of family togetherness, meaning that husband, wife and children choose to spend the time not c laimed by wage labor or school with one another, they prefer each other’s company instead of the things in the outside world that could be attractive. In conclusion the value of assessing family ritual life is an aid to understanding how a family gets organized and the process of becoming an actual family .A relationship between family ritual meaning and marital satisfaction was demonstrated with good results. Families, like individuals, have identities; the family may have certain beliefs about themselves which are generally recognized and seen by others. There is a difference between theories that scholars create and what a family actually lives by. Families are created with the thought that each and every one takes care of its members’ basic necessities; but they are also a group of people who enjoy each other’s company. This is a vision of family togetherness, meaning that husband, wife and children choose to spend. Families can have multiple identities that can be caused by divorce as well, also not having a ritual in a family actually affect their identity greatly. Everyone wants to create a family that works out with no problem and that everyone enjoys each other’s company when together no matter how busy their personal life may be or how much work they have to do at their jobs, giving time to their family should not be something they are forced to give, it should something they want to do. Bibliography David,O & Bar-Tal,D. (2009). A Socialpsychological conception of collective identity: The case of national identity as an example. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13(4), 354-379. doi: 10.1177/1088868309344412 Daly,K. (2003). Family theory versus the theories families live by. Journal of Marriage and Family,65(4),771-784. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.ufv.ca: 2048/stable/3599889 Epp,A & Price,L. (2008). Family identity: A framework of identity interplay in consumption practices. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(n/a), 50-65. doi: 10.1086/529535 Friesen, J. (1990). Rituals and Family Strength. Direction Journal. (19(1), 39-48. Retrieved from http://www.directionjournal.org/article/?654 Giblin,P. (1995). Identity, change, and family rituals. The Family Journal: Counselling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 3(1), 37-41.doi: 10.1177/1066480795031006 Miller,L. (1995). Family togetherness and the suburban ideal. Sociological Forum, 10(3), 393-418. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/684782

Analyze Native American Societies

This essay will analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we will discuss the possibilities or the lack of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay will concentrate on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we will illuminate the reader’s knowledge about the differences in views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue and the kinships within each community. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked. In northern America there are hundreds of Native American tribes and all have distinct religions with their own distinct creation stories, and each tribe has its own rituals, each with unique ways of giving thanks and honoring the sacred. The one distingsion they all have in common is the idea of this-worldliness and a sense of conservatism. For the Native American community, the world is a gift given by the Creator and should not be changed or altered, it should be conserved and respected with a sense of balance. â€Å"To change the order of the given world would challenge the wisdom of the Creator and upset the sacred balance and order of the universe. A people who renounced the sacred ceremonies that give thanks to the creator for health, harmony, victory in war, good harvests, or good hunting would forfeit the favor of the Creator and lose divine protection and aid. (Champagne, 2007: 35) This is in sharp contrast with the Calvinistic dualism of this-worldliness and otherworldliness. As Weber puts it, the Calvinist doctrine can be described as one based on change and progress. For in Calvinism it is believed that this world is evil, corrupt, filled with death and destruction, and heaven is where the real world is, where each individual can attain salvation. For these reasons, it is mans duty to do his part to improve this evil world and make it as heavenly as possible. The view that this world is an evil and corrupt place, and that heaven is the real world, has implications of understanding possibilities for accepting change. † (Champagne, 2007: 34) This is why change comes more easily for Christian Calvinists than it does for Native Americans. For Native Americans this world is the only world and one must strike a balance with nature in order to gain harmony. There is no salvation, if one does wrong, then misfortune befalls him and at times his community within this world. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. In order to gain a better understanding of this aspect we must first dive deeper into the roots of American Capitalism. Traditional capitalism has been around for hundreds of years in Europe and elsewhere in various forms; however, American Capitalism is unlike any other type seen in history. American Capitalism is competitive rational capitalism. As is argued by Weber, the reason for the difference is based of Christian Calvinism. While Weber recognizes that a variety of legal, political, and monetary conditions were necessary for the rise of capital markets and production, he argues that these features are not enough to explain the rise of capitalism without explaining the motivation of the capitalists to break the norms of traditional capitalism in favor of the competitive and innovative action of rational capitalism. Weber finds an explanation for the bre akdown of European traditional capitalism in Calvinist doctrine. Calvinist doctrine proclaimed that Gods will was predetermined for all time, only the elect received salvation, and all had a specific calling. Weber interpreted Calvinism as an otherworldly religion, where people sought to achieve salvation in the next world, not in this world, which was considered evil, corrupt, and full of sin. Although otherworldly salvation is the primary goal, Calvinists needed to show that they belonged to the elect, those chosen to go to heaven. Although the elect were predetermined, none know if they belonged to the chosen, and each person was enjoined by the Calvinist community to act like one of the elect and do the work of God on earth. Calvinists were not allowed to enjoy worldly comforts but were enjoined to be moral, work hard, and accumulate wealth as signs of their labor and moral fortitude. Wealth was a sign of the fruits of constant labor but could not be used to satisfy personal pleasures; therefore, it was reinvested in order to make more wealth and provide more work for others. † (Champagne, 2007: 29) This for Weber is the beginning of American Capitalism, later to be known as the protestant work ethic. This view is far from that of the Native American communities, for they were and are concerned with gaining balance with nature and giving thanks for gifts that the Creator has given, not salvation in otherworldly places. In the Calvinist view the world and its vast recourses and creatures are placed here for man to bend and manipulate to his will, in order to make this world into a heaven on earth. For Native Americans the creatures and resources that the Creator has created are not here for man to use and manipulate, thou Native Americans use the land they do not believe that man is any more special than any other creature. Native Americans believe that all living things have a soul were Christians believe that man is the center of the world and the only creature with a soul. This distinction makes it vary difficult for Native American communities to accept change and adapt to capitalism. Another underlining reason as to why change is so difficult to implement in Native American communities is because every aspect of tribal life is so interconnected that change in one aspect of life would inadvertently mean change in the entire outlook. In Native American tribes, all aspects of life, whether it is religion, economy, or polity are all interlinked. As Professor Champagne said , Native American tribes are like onions, they are layers upon layers centered on creation stories and ceremonies. A good example of this is the Hopi community. â€Å"Clans and families within villages organize Hopi religious, ceremonial, and political leadership. Although the particular way in which Hopi institutions are constructed is unique to them, a pattern of undifferentiation is observed mong them because religious, political, economic, and kinship structures are tightly interrelated and interpenetrating. Because of this pattern of undifferentiated institutional relations, the Hopi will be reluctant to consider institutional innovation such as change in political relations if such change requires major reorientations in creation stories, religious ceremonies, and kinship relations. † (Champagne, 2007: 41) The Hopi are not unique in this way; this way of living is true for most indigenous communities. In conclusion this essay has attempted to analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we have discussed the possibilities of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay has concentrated on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects as listed above are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we have underlined views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect that that was discussed was the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked.

John Marshall

John Marshall, whose most notable political role of Chief Justice of the United States, played a major role in defining the American legal system, he was also known as one of the best Chief Justices that ever lived. For 34 years as Chief Justice, Marshall made significant contributions to the development of the U. S. Constitution through his high profile Supreme Court cases, such as Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohen’s v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden. These Supreme Court cases and others were approaches to help bring more federal structure to the U. S. Constitution. Marshall’s thirst for political knowledge at an early age, his contribution the judicial system, and dedication to political reform make him one of the most influential figures in American history. Early Life John Marshall, one of fifteen children, was born on September 24, 1755 in a log cabin in rural Germantown, Virgina. His parents were Thomas and Mary Marshall, who had significant status among the citizens of Germantown. Although Marshall’s parents were not formally educated, they ensured their children had a good, quality education. Marshall was homeschooled and often supplemented his reading from books in George Washington’s library. Marshall’s father and George Washington worked together as surveyors and became close friends. Washington would later become one of Marshall’s greatest heroes. Desiring their son to become a lawyer, Thomas and Mary sent Marshall to William and Mary College where he spent several weeks listening to George Wythe’s lectures on law, which was Marshall’s only means of formal education. At the age of 25, Marshall left William and Mary College and pursued a lawyer’s position in Germantown, where he later met and married his wife of 49 years, Mary Willis Ambler. Together, they had ten children, with only six living to see adulthood (McGill, 2005). Chief Justice Chief Justice John Marshall served in the Supreme Court from 1801-1835. He was the fourth Chief Justice appointed by President John Adams (Smith, 1996). Marshall was known as one of the greatest chief justices in judicial history. While head of court, Marshall helped establish foundations for the Supreme Court and the constitutional supremacy. Alexander M. Bickel, a sophisticated, constitutional scholar stated that John Marshall was one of the greatest justices due to his decision in the Marbury v. Madison case. Although Marshall is known for many other cases throughout judicial history, including McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohen’s v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogde, the high profile case, Marbury v. Madison, became one of Marshall’s most significant cases and one that established him as one of the greatest supreme court justices who ever lived (Wood, 1997). Marbury V. Madison In Marbury V. Madison, Marshall worked the Judiciary’s claim to apply the law of the constitution exactly the way that courts interpret common law and statues in their role of legal disputes. Marshall was instrumental in laying down the foundation for the rise of the Judiciary. Their goal was to make the Judiciary as one of the top three capital powers of the government. Marshall stated that the constitution was â€Å"a rule for the government of courts, as well as of his legislature†. As he made the issue known, judges could not ignore it. They were duty bound to enforce it by disallowing laws offensive to the constitution. At the time, many Americans had no trouble thinking of constitutions as law but not the kind of law that would be operated in the court system, but John Marshall stated towards the court system, by applying his methods of statutory interpretation to the constitution, he legalized it. He made it amenable to routine exposition and makes it happen. Marshall knew the Judiciary system would always be one of the weakest branches; its effectiveness depended on gaining the agreements of the legislative, executive branches, and of the people. The power that the Supreme Court would enjoy is the ability to persuade the people. Marshall was perfect for the job, and he greatly enhanced that power by his ability of persuasions. The American’s didn’t know anything about the constitution, but Marshall enhanced the knowledge pertaining to the constitution (Hobson, 2002). It is no doubt that John Marshall has made tremendous contributions to the judicial system. His thirst for knowledge at a young age and his political leadership has provided significant contributions to political society. It has been over two-hundred years since Marshall’s appointment; however, the Supreme Court still continues to honor him and his works. Marshall left a legacy that will be admired and written about by political generations to come. Through his works, Marshall helped define our country to what it is today as supported by political author, Jean Edward Smith who stated, â€Å"if George Washington found the country, John Marshall defined it† (Smith, 1996).